. Ps 18:46; Isa 17:10; 61:10; Hab 3:18; 1Ti 1:1; 2:3; 4:10, Ge 11:8; Ex 18:11; 2Sa 22:28; Jer 13:9; 49:16, NIV, The Story: The Bible as One Continuing Story of God and His People, NIV, Cultural Backgrounds Study Bible, Red Letter Edition: Bringing to Life the Ancient World of Scripture, NIV, Story of Jesus: Experience the Life of Jesus as One Seamless Story, NIV, The Story, Hardcover, Comfort Print: The Bible as One Continuing Story of God and His People, NIV, Biblical Theology Study Bible, Comfort Print: Follow Gods Redemptive Plan as It Unfolds throughout Scripture, NIV, The Woman's Study Bible, Full-Color, Red Letter: Receiving God's Truth for Balance, Hope, and Transformation. When we look back at Lukes report of what Zacharias was told by Gabriel, it was simply that the son God was giving him and his wife would be the forerunner of Messiah. We will explore the basis for Elizabeths blessing of Mary later, but for now let us simply observe that the arrival of Mary is the occasion for Elizabeths praise, not the soon arrival of John. Nevertheless, their praise was pleasing to God and it has been preserved for our edification. * 3 He said to them, 'Take nothing for the journey: neither staff, nor haversack, nor bread, nor money; and do not have a spare tunic. No doubt in the minds of some they were being punished by God for some sin. I am an old man and my wife is getting on in years.'. When Elizabeth heard Mary's greeting, the child leapt in her womb. Our salvation comes about in the same way that Marys baby was conceivedtotally by the sovereign work of God, apart from any effort which Mary might make. Making use of a formal, literary construction and vocabulary, the author writes the prologue in imitation of Hellenistic Greek writers and, in so doing, relates his story about Jesus to contemporaneous Greek and Roman literature. Mary may have wondered how Elizabeth would respond to the news she had to share. In verse 48 her blessedness is viewed as the result of Gods grace. 24-25). I believe that the similarity of the Magnificat to Hannas praise has the effect of encouraging Elizabeth, whose personal praise focuses on Mary, and not on her own joy in having a son in her old age. [1:51] Ps 89:10; 118:15; Jer 32:17 (39:17 LXX). Some may question how a simple peasant-girl may have such a grasp of the Old Testament. 44For behold, when the voice of your greeting came to my ears, the babe in my womb leaped for joy. This is not so. God has not just singled Mary out for blessing, leaving others in their miserable estate. As a second- or third-generation Christian, Luke acknowledges his debt to earlier eyewitnesses and ministers of the word, but claims that his contribution to this developing tradition is a complete and accurate account, told in an orderly manner, and intended to provide Theophilus (friend of God, literally) and other readers with certainty about earlier teachings they have received. Too often, I fear, we find ourselves performing before others, using our praise to speak to men, to convey some message to them, rather than to God. Mary viewed all of Gods dealings in the light of His grace; the religious leaders only thought in terms of human works. 43And why is this granted me, that the mother of my Lord should come to me? 57. 1 Seeing that many others have undertaken to draw up accounts of the events that have reached their fulfilment among us, 2 as these were handed down to us by those who from the outset were eyewitnesses and ministers of the word, 3 I in my turn, after carefully going over the . We have further corroboration of this from two other statements made by Luke: But she was greatly troubled at this statement, and kept pondering what kind of salutation this might be (Luke 1:29, emphasis mine). 15 for he will be great in the sight of the Lord; he must drink no wine, no strong drink; even from his mother's womb he will be filled with the Holy Spirit. h. [1:17] Sir 48:10; Mal 3:1; 3:2324; Mt 11:14; 17:1113. Related Topics: Christology, Worship (Personal), Robert L. (Bob)Deffinbaugh graduated from Dallas Theological Seminary with his Th.M. . 20But now you will be speechless and unable to talk* until the day these things take place, because you did not believe my words, which will be fulfilled at their proper time.j, 21Meanwhile the people were waiting for Zechariah and were amazed that he stayed so long in the sanctuary. 51 He has performed mighty deeds with his arm; he has scattered those who are proud in their inmost thoughts. ', 18 Zechariah said to the angel, 'How can I know this? 7But they had no child,* because Elizabeth was barren and both were advanced in years.d Wonders of His . 56Mary stayed with Elizabeth for about three months and then returned home. It is largely, however, the composition of Luke who writes in imitation of Old Testament birth stories, combining historical and legendary details, literary ornamentation and interpretation of scripture, to answer in advance the question, Who is Jesus Christ? The focus of the narrative, therefore, is primarily christological. "May your word to me be fulfilled.". 12 The sight disturbed Zechariah and he was overcome with fear. (5) Marys praise serves as an encouragement to Elizabeth, just as Elizabeths praise was an encouragement to her. The scribes and Pharisees of Jesus day were largely legalists, who focused on the letter of the law, but missed Gods grace in it. Let us ponder them. 16and he will turn many of the children of Israel to the Lord their God. BEST VALUE in digital Bible study. The question which this raises is what is meant by the use of the a past tense. He was gesturing to them but remained mute. The Birth of John. Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers (56) And Mary abode with her about three months. In verses 46-49, Mary praises God for His mercy as expressed toward her. Our praise during this Christmas season should especially be patterned after that of Mary, who did not focus on the tiny baby that she would soon hold in her arms, but in the God who sent Messiah and in the goal of His coming earth. get to know the Bible better! 78 because of the faithful love of our God in which the rising Sun has come from on high to visit us. From now on all generations will call me blessed. 72 and show faithful love to our ancestors, and so keep in mind his holy covenant. Probably he did this because Mary has already been presented in Lk 1:38 as the obedient handmaid of the Lord who fulfills the requirement for belonging to the . 29But she was greatly troubled at what was said and pondered what sort of greeting this might be. Here we see the meeting of two mothers, eager to support and help each other at a time of major change in their lives. This includes the immediate goal of redemption and salvation, but it especially includes the setting right of those things which are unjust and evil. 6 Both were upright in the sight of God and impeccably carried out all the commandments and observances of the Lord. The things which Luke does not tell us ought not to be our primary concern, to deal with them as unsolved mysteries, for which we must have an answer. The book of Revelation speaks much of these themes, and prophesies their fulfillment. 45Blessed is she who has believed that the Lord would fulfill his promises to her!, My soul glorifies the Lord(F)47and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior,(G)48for he has been mindfulof the humble state of his servant. All rights reserved worldwide. This is not the way men are saved, however. (O)53He has filled the hungry with good things(P)but has sent the rich away empty.54He has helped his servant Israel,remembering to be merciful(Q)55to Abraham and his descendants(R) forever,just as he promised our ancestors.. Grace is the essence of true doctrine and the antidote to that which is false. Gal. Father Luis, as we affectionately know him, is a Catholic Diocesan Priest, from Tucuman, Argentina . 25So has the Lord done for me at a time when he has seen fit to take away my disgrace before others.k. We but need to believe and to accept Gods work, but we must leave the working to Him, and not to ourselves. In His second coming, Messiah will come to set things straight, to bring justice to the earth and judgment to the wicked. 56Mary remained with her about three months and then returned to her home. 1Since many have undertaken to compile a narrative of the events that have been fulfilled among us,a To press the matter of Marys obedience even further, Mary was not only obedient to the imperatives of Gods word, but also to the inferences of His word. The Lord is with you.'. Women seemed only fit for fixing meals and bearing children. Q. Marys praise was addressed to God, but in adoring God she also encouraged and edified Elizabeth, just as Elizabeths praise encouraged her. Start for FREE. Zachariah was told that his prayer (a prayer, I assume, for the coming of Messiah) had been answered, and that he and his wife would have the privilege and pleasure of bearing the son who would prepare the way for Messiahs appearance (vv. 3I too have decided, after investigating everything accurately anew, to write it down in an orderly sequence for you, most excellent Theophilus, For less than $5/mo. 69 and he has established for us a saving power in the House of his servant David. 18 In our study of the book of Jonah, we concluded that Jonah typified the sin of Israel by his lack of compassion, his disobedience, his self-righteousness, and his refusal to repent. Your Catholic Voice Foundation has been granted a recognition of tax exemption under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. While we are not specifically told that Mary was filled with the Holy Spirit when she spoke these words, we may surely assume so. The degree to which women were degraded was that to which their husbands and their culture stooped. Yet the worship of both of these women is such that they are models for all true disciples of our Lord. Mary and Elizabeths praise of God went much further than just gratitude for the gift of a child. * [1:59] The practice of Palestinian Judaism at this time was to name the child at birth; moreover, though naming a male child after the father is not completely unknown, the usual practice was to name the child after the grandfather (see Lk 1:61). How many Apostles were there? Luke 1:39-56 - Scripture (NRSV Bible) Mary Visits Elizabeth 39 In those days Mary set out and went with haste to a Judean town in the hill country, 40 where she entered the house of Zechariah and greeted Elizabeth. Rather than having to try to explain to Elizabeth what the angel had said to her about the virgin birth of her son, Messiah, Mary learned that Elizabeth already knew. 23Then, when his days of ministry were completed, he went home. Luke ends this section (vv. 65Then fear came upon all their neighbors, and all these matters were discussed throughout the hill country of Judea. 47 and my spirit rejoices in God my Saviour; 48 because he has looked upon the humiliation of his servant. If you have already donated, we sincerely thank you. These were the themes of the Old Testament prophets. The fact that the worship of these women was more restricted than that of men is no hindrance to their spiritual growth and development. 21 Meanwhile the people were waiting for Zechariah and were surprised that he stayed in the sanctuary so long. The Lord is with you.m 22 When he came out he could not speak to them, and they realised that he had seen a vision in the sanctuary. After indicating his purpose for writing this gospel in verses 1-4, Luke immediately commenced his account by introducing Zacharias, the father-to-be of John the Baptist. In both cases, the praise of God spoken before others was done in such a way as to edify and encourage those who heard. While there is some truth in the rather dismal picture which I have portrayed, it is not utterly so. * [1:76] You will go before the Lord: here the Lord is most likely a reference to Jesus (contrast Lk 1:1517 where Yahweh is meant) and John is presented as the precursor of Jesus. * [1:7] They had no child: though childlessness was looked upon in contemporaneous Judaism as a curse or punishment for sin, it is intended here to present Elizabeth in a situation similar to that of some of the great mothers of important Old Testament figures: Sarah (Gn 15:3; 16:1); Rebekah (Gn 25:21); Rachel (Gn 29:31; 30:1); the mother of Samson and wife of Manoah (Jgs 13:23); Hannah (1Sm 1:2). Daily Bible Readings, Podcast Audio and Videos and Prayers brought to you by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. If you donate just $5.00, the price of your coffee, Catholic Online School could keep thriving. Mary may not be all that some have held her to be, but she is a magnificent model of discipleship. Luke - Chapter 1. And so, too, will the greatness of Messiah and His ministry surpass that of John the Baptist, the forerunner of Messiah. This is why the Lord Jesus told Nicodemus that he must be born again, even though he was a prominent teacher in Israel (cf. * [1:78] The daybreak from on high: three times in the LXX (Jer 23:5; Zec 3:8; 6:12), the Greek word used here for daybreak translates the Hebrew word for scion, branch, an Old Testament messianic title. (1) Marys psalm of praise reveals a repeated use of the terminology and theology of the Old Testament. 5 In the days of King Herod of Judaea there lived a priest called Zechariah who belonged to the Abijah section of the priesthood, and he had a wife, Elizabeth by name, who was a descendant of Aaron. Mary is not a model for disciples in being the mother of Messiah. The very moment she entered the house and gave a customary greeting, Elizabeth blessed Mary as the mother of her Lord. Modern society, as we know, has been liberated from the archaic, chauvinism of the ancient world. Luke 1:39-56 Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition Mary Visits Elizabeth This is evident in the blessing pronounced by Elizabeth, which subtly contrasts the belief of Mary with the unbelief of Zacharias: And blessed is she who believed that there would be a fulfillment of what had been spoken to her by the Lord (Luke 1:45). They strained the gnats but they swallowed the camels. That which she speaks far surpasses what we are told Gabriel said to Zacharias. Regardless, these are some of the most beautiful words in all the word of God. 52 He has pulled down princes from their thrones and raised high the lowly. (6) Elizabeths praise suggests that she may have possessed a greater depth of spiritual and scriptural insight than her husband. Mary visits Elizabeth (Luke 1:39-56) With the time drawing near when Elizabeth would give birth, Mary travelled south to visit her. 61But they answered her, There is no one among your relatives who has this name. Indeed, I believe that Luke is telling us that wives are not restricted to the level of spirituality of their mate. (N)52He has brought down rulers from their thronesbut has lifted up the humble. Mary grasped the camels and the religious leaders only grasped at the gnats.. I was sent to speak to you and to announce to you this good news.i Copyright 2019 by Zondervan. We must first very candidly admit that we are not told how Elizabeth learned what she affirmed by divine inspiration. Yes, from now onwards all generations will call me blessed. 30 but the angel said to her, 'Mary, do not be afraid; you have won God's favour. In short, Mary is the focus, not Elizabeth. While this is true, this must be kept in its proper perspective. 39 Mary set out at that time and went as quickly as she could into the hill country to a town in Judah. Mary, too, was a humble peasant girl. 35 The angel answered, 'The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will cover you with its shadow. The Magnificat is based on the Song of Hannah (1 Sam 2.1-10), and other Old Testament passages that describe Gods favor toward Israel and especially toward the poor and lowly. I am thus inclined to view this as Lukes way of informing us that some women may very well surpass men spiritually. By every indication, Luke was a Gentile. 41 When Elizabeth heard Mary's greeting, the child leapt in her womb. they wondered. If there is any one concept which captures the spirit and the essence of Gods dealings with men it is the concept of grace. We would expect Mary to be taken with the fact that she will have a baby, and that this baby will be the Son of God. Even if not composed by Luke, it fits in well with themes found elsewhere in Luke: joy and exultation in the Lord; the lowly being singled out for Gods favor; the reversal of human fortunes; the fulfillment of Old Testament promises. Geldenhuys has remarked, It strikes us that Mary in this hymn does not utter a direct word in connection with the Son promised to her. There is a principle at work here in the first two chapters of Luke which can be found elsewhere in the Bible. The marginal references in our Bibles indicate the many other allusions and parallels. By alluding to Old Testament themes in Lk 1:17, 19 such as the coming of the day of the Lord and the dawning of the messianic era, Luke is presenting his interpretation of the significance of the births of John and Jesus. 60but his mother said in reply, No. Indeed, she does not focus on the child, per se, but on the results of the coming of Messiah. She went into Zechariah's house and greeted Elizabeth. So far as Lukes account informs us, Mary was only told that her elderly relative had conceived in her old age, which testified to the fact that nothing was impossible for God (Luke 1:36-37). (3) In verse 50 Marys praise broadens, viewing Gods grace to her as a reflection of His gracious purposes for His chosen people, Israel. 55 -according to the promise he made to our ancestors -- of his mercy to Abraham and to his descendants for ever. We cannot say for certain, but we can affirm at this moment that all that she said was divinely inspired. 50 His mercy extends to those who fear him, from generation to generation. The naming of the child John and Zechariahs recovery from his loss of speech should be understood as fulfilling the angels announcement to Zechariah in Lk 1:13, 20. Matthew 23). 40where she entered the house of Zechariah and greeted Elizabeth. Catholic Online. She looks backward, to the covenants which God has made with Abraham and with His people in the Old Testament. Since Hannahs circumstances more closely parallel those of Elizabeth, some have drawn the hasty conclusion that it was she, rather than Mary, who composed this hymn of praise. Version. 46v And Mary said:*, My soul proclaims the greatness of the Lord;w. 48For he has looked upon his handmaids lowliness; behold, from now on will all ages call me blessed.y. The angel had not commanded Mary to go to the house of Elizabeth, but had only stated that Elizabeth was pregnant in her old age, which showed that nothing is impossible with God (Luke 1:36-37). If Mary had any such reservations, how quickly they were dispelled! 3 Pilate put to him this question, 'Are you the king of the Jews?'. He is cast, moreover, in the role of the Old Testament fiery reformer, the prophet Elijah, who according to Mal 3:23 (Mal 4:5) is sent before the great and terrible day of the Lord comes.. We should strive to be students of Gods Word, meditating on its terms and theology, seeking to be obedient to its imperatives and its implications. He would be the Son of the Most High, who would be given the throne of His father David, from which He would rule (vv. 19 The angel replied, 'I am Gabriel, who stand in God's presence, and I have been sent to speak to you and bring you this good news. (H)From now on all generations will call me blessed,(I)49for the Mighty One has done great things(J) for meholy is his name. Let us bear in mind, however, that Luke has not told us this was the case. The point I wish to make here is that the restrictions which the New Testament makes on women and their role in public worship are not detrimental to the spiritual life and development of women. 59* When they came on the eighth day to circumciseh the child, they were going to call him Zechariah after his father, Mary saw her blessing as but an illustration, one instance of Gods grace, which leads her to praise God for His grace to all those who fear Him, from one generation to generation. 39In those days Mary arose and went with haste into the hill country, to a city of Judah, 40and she entered the house of Zechariah and greeted Elizabeth. 66All who heard these things took them to heart, saying, What, then, will this child be? For surely the hand of the Lord was with him. * [1:69] A horn for our salvation: the horn is a common Old Testament figure for strength (Ps 18:3; 75:56; 89:18; 112:9; 148:14). Many have observed the similarities of this Magnificat of Mary to the hymn of praise of Hanna in 1 Samuel chapter 2. There is no such thing as a purely 'spiritual' love. In this, Luke agrees with the Marcan parallel (Mk 3:31-35), although by omitting Mk 3:33 and especially Mk 3:20-21 Luke has softened the Marcan picture of Jesus' natural family. 51 He has used the power of his arm, he has routed the arrogant of heart. Most people donate because Catholic Online is useful. If Catholic Online has given you $5.00 worth of knowledge this year, take a minute to donate. Third, the account which Luke has provided us of Marys intimate worship, shared only with Elizabeth, should instruct and motivate us in the disciplines of discipleship. They were not, however, the themes of the scribes and Pharisees. Resume Prayer. These include the following: Whether or not Mary was yet pregnant. If verse 50 spells out the principle that God blesses His people, from generation to generation, verses 51-55 give some specific ways in which this has and will be done. Bible Study Summary with Questions The Worship of Two Women Disciples. 75 to serve him in holiness and uprightness in his presence, all our days. Second, the praise of Elizabeth and Mary provide us with a model for our own worship and praise. 13:9). CHAPTER 22. 18Then Zechariah said to the angel, How shall I know this? Physical relationship to Christ is not nearly so important as ones spiritual relationship. Some thoughts on today's scripture. Throughout the Old Testament, the miraculous ministries of Gods chosen instruments often began by a miraculous or unusual birth. Luke is not only interested in the words and deeds of Jesus, but also in the larger context of the birth, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus as the fulfillment of the promises of God in the Old Testament. holy is his name. She did not have any social standing due to her parentage or class, nor even the dignity of Elizabeth and Zacharias age. 24After this time his wife Elizabeth conceived, and she went into seclusion for five months, saying, If a woman past the childbearing age could become pregnant, why, the angel implies, should there be doubt about Marys pregnancy, for nothing will be impossible for God. 2:11-21). in 1971. Mary has a good sense of history and a broad grasp of Gods purposes and promises. The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCBs) mission is to encounter the mercy of Christ and to accompany His people with joy. 63He asked for a tablet and wrote, John is his name, and all were amazed. Thus, James has some very strong words on the subject of discriminating against the poor and showing partiality to the rich (cf. In His rebuke of the scribes and Pharisees, Jesus constantly referred to these great themes, and to the fact that legalistic Judaism violated them (cf. (B) 42In a loud voice she exclaimed: Blessed are you among women,(C) and blessed is the child you will bear! Luke . 64Immediately his mouth was opened, his tongue freed, and he spoke blessing God.j 43But why am I so favored, that the mother of my Lord(D) should come to me? If It Is During The Millennium How Will There Not Be Pain And Tears When The Devil Is Released To Deceive The Nations? In contrast to the psalm of Jonah in Jonah chapter 2, which we have recently considered,18 the psalm of Mary is a magnificent masterpiece. At the beginning of his two-volume work Luke shows those who play crucial roles in the inauguration of Christianity to be wholly a part of the people of Israel. 15for he will be great in the sight of [the] Lord. Holy Gospel of Jesus Christ according to Saint Luke 1,39-56. In this parallelism, the ascendency of Jesus over John is stressed: John is prophet of the Most High (Lk 1:76); Jesus is Son of the Most High (Lk 1:32). Woe to you who are well-fed now, for you shall be hungry (Luke 6:20-21a; 24-25). Thus, Elizabeths praise served as further confirmation of Gabriels words. Not only did Elizabeth, in a sense, speak for John, she also spoke like John. First, our text has much to teach us on the subject of women, their spirituality, and their worship. John is great in the sight of the Lord (Lk 1:15); Jesus will be Great (a LXX attribute, used absolutely, of God) (Lk 1:32). 67. 2just as those who were eyewitnesses from the beginning and ministers of the word have handed them down to us,b Even this is a manifestation of Gods grace, for at this early point in time such knowledge would only have caused Mary unnecessary and premature pain. Bible. The Nutcracker - Four Realms / Four Reminders. Nevertheless, others have reacted to this error by failing to see this woman as a model disciple. It's a little awkward to ask, but we need your help. Try Bible Gateway Plus free today! * [1:4655] Although Mary is praised for being the mother of the Lord and because of her belief, she reacts as the servant in a psalm of praise, the Magnificat. And indeed the hand of the Lord was with him. 1 The whole assembly then rose, and they brought him before Pilate. 21 Charles H. Talbert, Reading Luke: A Literary and Theological Commentary on the Third Gospel (New York: Crossroad Publishing Company, 1982), p. 22. 36 And I tell you this too: your cousin Elizabeth also, in her old age, has conceived a son, and she whom people called barren is now in her sixth month. Elizabeth also readily acknowledged the superior blessing bestowed on Mary, and rejoiced in it. (4) Elizabeths words served primarily as an encouragement to Mary. Lk 1:76 where John is described as prophet of the Most High. Most High is a title for God commonly used by Luke (Lk 1:35, 76; 6:35; 8:28; Acts 7:48; 16:17). 52 He has brought down rulers from their thrones but has lifted up the humble. * [1:2638] The announcement to Mary of the birth of Jesus is parallel to the announcement to Zechariah of the birth of John. Zacharias returned home to his wife, who kept herself in seclusion for five months (vv. Mary does not in any way view herself as better or holier than anyone else. The Wonder Of Christmas. Virtually every commentator agrees that Marys praise is dripping with Old Testament allusions and references. get to know the Bible better! As the writer to the Hebrews put it. 17 With the spirit and power of Elijah, he will go before him to reconcile fathers to their children and the disobedient to the good sense of the upright, preparing for the Lord a people fit for him. 98% of our readers don't give; they simply look the other way. b. Overview Of The Gospels. 9 when it fell to him by lot, as the priestly custom was, to enter the Lord's sanctuary and burn incense there. I was 'a stranger and you gave me no welcome', Pope Francis: 'We do not have to be perfect', Daily Readings for Wednesday, January 18, 2023, St. Volusian: Saint of the Day for Wednesday, January 18, 2023, Prayer for the Family: Prayer of the Day for Wednesday, January 18, 2023. 38 "I am the Lord's servant," Mary answered. The account presents parallel scenes (diptychs) of angelic announcements of the birth of John the Baptist and of Jesus, and of the birth, circumcision, and presentation of John and Jesus. Luke 1:38 And Mary said: Behold the handmaid of the Lord: be it done to me according to thy word. 8Once when he was serving as priest in his divisions turn before God, 38Mary said, Behold, I am the handmaid of the Lord. Bridgeway Bible Commentary. 32 He will be great and will be called Son of the Most High. Herod the Great, the son of the Idumean Antipater, was declared King of Judea by the Roman Senate in 40 B.C., but became the undisputed ruler of Palestine only in 37 B.C. ', 46 And Mary said: My soul proclaims the greatness of the Lord. (4) Mary is a model disciple in grasp of the social implications of the gospel. 4so that you may realize the certainty of the teachings you have received. First, it should be noted that there are several things which Luke has not told us, which we might like to know, but will not find in this inspired account. Neither, Elizabeth, Mary, nor Luke refer to the fetus in Marys womb, while we are specifically told that John leaped in his mothers womb when Elizabeth heard Marys greeting (Luke 1:41). Blessed are you who hunger now, for you shall be satisfied But woe to you who are rich, for you are receiving your comfort in full. Luke 1,39-56. by Fr. In particular, instead of praising God for His mercy and compassion, as the psalmists and Mary do, Jonah protests against the grace and mercy of God in the final chapter of the book. At the end of the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 21:20; 22:3; 23:69; 24:1416; 26:28, 2223) he will argue that Christianity is the direct descendant of Pharisaic Judaism. Like mother, like son. 16 The term young is used with some caution, for it is only tradition that teaches us Mary was a young, girl, a teen. The men assumed the leadership roles, especially in spiritual matters. How gracious God is in what He does not tell us, as well in what He does. 44 Look, the moment your greeting reached my ears, the child in my womb leapt for joy. When you ponder the specific results of Messiahs incarnation as outlined in Marys Magnificat they have to do with what we know of as Christs second coming, more than with His first coming.
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